Science & Technology MCQs
Q 1.Project GR00T, a multimodal AI system, is recently launched by which company?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Nvidia]
Notes: Nvidia unveiled Project GR00T, a groundbreaking initiative set to transform humanoid robotics. GR00T, short for Generalist Robot 00 Technology, is an advanced multimodal AI system empowering humanoid robots with learning capabilities and real-world interaction. It enables robots to comprehend natural language, mimic human movements, and acquire new skills rapidly. This initiative aims to imbue robots with human-like understanding and agility, utilizing AI to drive breakthroughs in robotics and embodied AI.
Notes: Nvidia unveiled Project GR00T, a groundbreaking initiative set to transform humanoid robotics. GR00T, short for Generalist Robot 00 Technology, is an advanced multimodal AI system empowering humanoid robots with learning capabilities and real-world interaction. It enables robots to comprehend natural language, mimic human movements, and acquire new skills rapidly. This initiative aims to imbue robots with human-like understanding and agility, utilizing AI to drive breakthroughs in robotics and embodied AI.
Q 2.Project ANAGRANINF, recently seen in the news, is related to which one of the following?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Development of a novel class of antibiotics ]
Notes: The Technology Development Board has allocated funds for Project ANAGRANINF, aimed at developing a new class of antibiotics to combat Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. This collaborative effort involves Indian and Spanish companies with the objective of creating a novel lead compound to combat critical gram-negative pathogens. The project aligns with WHO’s criteria for tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) infections, crucial as Gram-negative bacteria exhibit increasing resistance to existing antibiotics.
Notes: The Technology Development Board has allocated funds for Project ANAGRANINF, aimed at developing a new class of antibiotics to combat Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections. This collaborative effort involves Indian and Spanish companies with the objective of creating a novel lead compound to combat critical gram-negative pathogens. The project aligns with WHO’s criteria for tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) infections, crucial as Gram-negative bacteria exhibit increasing resistance to existing antibiotics.
Q 3.What is the name approved by the IAU Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature for the landing site of Chandrayaan’s Vikram lander?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Shiv Shakti]
Notes: The International Astronomical Union approved ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for Chandrayaan’s Vikram lander site. On August 26, PM announced Chandrayaan 3’s landing site would be named Shiv Shakti. Rooted in Hindu mythology, “Shivshakti” symbolizes determination and empowerment. PM highlighted the connection between humanitarian efforts and Shiva. The “Shakti” component honors women scientists.
Notes: The International Astronomical Union approved ‘Statio Shiv Shakti’ for Chandrayaan’s Vikram lander site. On August 26, PM announced Chandrayaan 3’s landing site would be named Shiv Shakti. Rooted in Hindu mythology, “Shivshakti” symbolizes determination and empowerment. PM highlighted the connection between humanitarian efforts and Shiva. The “Shakti” component honors women scientists.
Q 4.What is ‘Callisto’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Jupiter’s moon]
Notes: Researchers have found evidence of ozone on Jupiter’s moon Callisto, revealing insights into chemical processes on icy celestial bodies. The study focuses on the chemical evolution of “SO2 astrochemical ice,” composed of sulfur dioxide under ultraviolet irradiation. Analysis of UV absorption spectra of irradiated ice samples unveiled a distinct ozone formation signature. Callisto’s stable surface suggests it may harbor subsurface oceans or potential habitats, making it a potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.
Notes: Researchers have found evidence of ozone on Jupiter’s moon Callisto, revealing insights into chemical processes on icy celestial bodies. The study focuses on the chemical evolution of “SO2 astrochemical ice,” composed of sulfur dioxide under ultraviolet irradiation. Analysis of UV absorption spectra of irradiated ice samples unveiled a distinct ozone formation signature. Callisto’s stable surface suggests it may harbor subsurface oceans or potential habitats, making it a potential candidate for extraterrestrial life.
Q 5.‘NICES Programme’, recently seen in news, is operated by which organization?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [ISRO]
Notes: NICES programme, operated by ISRO and the Department of Space, called upon Indian researchers to combat climate change. Launched in 2012 under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, NICES monitors climate variability using Earth Observation satellites. Its objectives include disseminating Essential Climate Variables crucial for understanding Earth’s climate. With over 70 accessible geophysical variables, NICES focuses on space-based indicators, weather extremes, and climate services.
Notes: NICES programme, operated by ISRO and the Department of Space, called upon Indian researchers to combat climate change. Launched in 2012 under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, NICES monitors climate variability using Earth Observation satellites. Its objectives include disseminating Essential Climate Variables crucial for understanding Earth’s climate. With over 70 accessible geophysical variables, NICES focuses on space-based indicators, weather extremes, and climate services.
Q 6.What type of comet is the “Mother of Dragons” comet, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Halley Comet]
Notes: The “Mother of Dragons” comet, officially Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, is now visible in the Northern Hemisphere after dusk. A ‘Halley-type’ comet, it orbits roughly every 71 years with a 30 km wide nucleus. Composed of ice, dust, and rocky material, it transitions from solid to gas as it nears the Sun. Classified as a Jupiter-family comet, it reaches perihelion near Mars’ orbit and will approach Earth closely in June 2024.
Notes: The “Mother of Dragons” comet, officially Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks, is now visible in the Northern Hemisphere after dusk. A ‘Halley-type’ comet, it orbits roughly every 71 years with a 30 km wide nucleus. Composed of ice, dust, and rocky material, it transitions from solid to gas as it nears the Sun. Classified as a Jupiter-family comet, it reaches perihelion near Mars’ orbit and will approach Earth closely in June 2024.
Q 7.Recently, who has been selected to be part of Britain’s research team on dementia?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Ashvini Keshavan]
Notes: Dr. Ashvini Keshavan, an Indian-origin neurologist and Senior Clinical Research and Honorary Consultant Neurologist Fellow at University College London (UCL), has been selected to be part of Britain’s research team on dementia. The team, called ADAPT (Alzheimer’s disease Diagnosis And Plasma pTau217), will focus on the biomarker p-tau217, which reflects the levels of two proteins found in the brain that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid and tau. The team will conduct a clinical trial to see if measuring p-tau217 in the blood can increase the rate of diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease in people with early dementia, as well as in those with mild, progressive memory problems.
Notes: Dr. Ashvini Keshavan, an Indian-origin neurologist and Senior Clinical Research and Honorary Consultant Neurologist Fellow at University College London (UCL), has been selected to be part of Britain’s research team on dementia. The team, called ADAPT (Alzheimer’s disease Diagnosis And Plasma pTau217), will focus on the biomarker p-tau217, which reflects the levels of two proteins found in the brain that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease: amyloid and tau. The team will conduct a clinical trial to see if measuring p-tau217 in the blood can increase the rate of diagnosis for Alzheimer’s disease in people with early dementia, as well as in those with mild, progressive memory problems.
Q 8.Voyager 1 Spacecraft, recently seen in the news, is a space probe launched by which space organization?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [NASA]
Notes: NASA’s Voyager 1 probe, launched in 1977, is transmitting vital data after a period of malfunction, the agency announced. The spacecraft’s mission aims to explore the outer Solar System and beyond, conducting flybys of Jupiter and Saturn, discovering new moons and rings. It became the first human-made object to exit the Solar System in 2012, carrying a golden record depicting life on Earth. Voyager 1 is expected to remain operational until at least 2025, currently 13.8 billion miles away from the sun.
Notes: NASA’s Voyager 1 probe, launched in 1977, is transmitting vital data after a period of malfunction, the agency announced. The spacecraft’s mission aims to explore the outer Solar System and beyond, conducting flybys of Jupiter and Saturn, discovering new moons and rings. It became the first human-made object to exit the Solar System in 2012, carrying a golden record depicting life on Earth. Voyager 1 is expected to remain operational until at least 2025, currently 13.8 billion miles away from the sun.
Q 9.Recently, which space organization successfully launched its Advanced Composite Solar Sail System spacecraft from New Zealand?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [NASA]
Notes: NASA recently launched a space mission from New Zealand, deploying the Advanced Composite Solar Sail System spacecraft aboard Rocket Lab’s Electron rocket. The spacecraft utilizes solar energy for propulsion, orbiting 1,000 kilometers above Earth with an 80 square meter sail. Key objectives include demonstrating solar sail effectiveness and maneuverability, potentially reducing reliance on heavy propulsion systems for future missions, marking a significant leap in space exploration technology.
Notes: NASA recently launched a space mission from New Zealand, deploying the Advanced Composite Solar Sail System spacecraft aboard Rocket Lab’s Electron rocket. The spacecraft utilizes solar energy for propulsion, orbiting 1,000 kilometers above Earth with an 80 square meter sail. Key objectives include demonstrating solar sail effectiveness and maneuverability, potentially reducing reliance on heavy propulsion systems for future missions, marking a significant leap in space exploration technology.
Q 10.TacticAI, recently seen in news, is developed by which company?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Google]
Notes: Google’s DeepMind collaborated with Liverpool Football Club to develop TacticAI, an AI system focusing on corner kick tactics. This tool offers predictive and generative insights, aiding football managers in strategic decisions. It allows coaches to sample various player setups for corner kicks, selecting the most successful ones. TacticAI integrates both predictive and generative components, enhancing its effectiveness in tactical analysis.
Notes: Google’s DeepMind collaborated with Liverpool Football Club to develop TacticAI, an AI system focusing on corner kick tactics. This tool offers predictive and generative insights, aiding football managers in strategic decisions. It allows coaches to sample various player setups for corner kicks, selecting the most successful ones. TacticAI integrates both predictive and generative components, enhancing its effectiveness in tactical analysis.
Q 11.What is ‘Doxxing’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Publishing personal information about an individual without consent]
Notes: Doxxing incidents are rising globally, defined as the unauthorized release of personal information online, including names, addresses, and phone numbers. Often used for harassment or intimidation, it can result in serious consequences like physical harm or job loss. Doxxing, derived from “dropping dox,” typically involves obtaining data illegally through hacking. This trend highlights the dangers of online privacy breaches and the need for stronger safeguards.
Notes: Doxxing incidents are rising globally, defined as the unauthorized release of personal information online, including names, addresses, and phone numbers. Often used for harassment or intimidation, it can result in serious consequences like physical harm or job loss. Doxxing, derived from “dropping dox,” typically involves obtaining data illegally through hacking. This trend highlights the dangers of online privacy breaches and the need for stronger safeguards.
Q 12.Recently, who has been appointed as president of the Indian Vaccine Manufacturers Association (IVMA)?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Krishna M Ella]
Notes: Krishna M Ella, co-founder of Bharat Biotech, now heads the Indian Vaccine Manufacturers Association (IVMA) for 2024-2026. He succeeds Adar C Poonawalla, CEO of Serum Institute of India (SII). Ella aims to enhance collaboration among vaccine manufacturers, researchers, and policymakers to expedite vaccine development and bolster production. IVMA also prioritizes enabling access to affordable vaccines in developing nations. SII, under Poonawalla, pioneered the Covishield vaccine during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Notes: Krishna M Ella, co-founder of Bharat Biotech, now heads the Indian Vaccine Manufacturers Association (IVMA) for 2024-2026. He succeeds Adar C Poonawalla, CEO of Serum Institute of India (SII). Ella aims to enhance collaboration among vaccine manufacturers, researchers, and policymakers to expedite vaccine development and bolster production. IVMA also prioritizes enabling access to affordable vaccines in developing nations. SII, under Poonawalla, pioneered the Covishield vaccine during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Q 13.Widal Test, recently seen in the news, is associated with which disease?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Typhoid ]
Notes: The Widal Test, crucial for diagnosing typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi, suffers from inaccuracies, complicating India’s battle against the disease. Symptoms of typhoid overlap with other illnesses, necessitating precise testing. Developed in the late 1800s, the test lacks reliability, prompting caution from the World Health Organization. Despite its convenience, reliance on it risks misdiagnoses, escalating expenses, and fostering antimicrobial resistance, urging a shift towards more dependable diagnostics.
Notes: The Widal Test, crucial for diagnosing typhoid fever caused by Salmonella Typhi, suffers from inaccuracies, complicating India’s battle against the disease. Symptoms of typhoid overlap with other illnesses, necessitating precise testing. Developed in the late 1800s, the test lacks reliability, prompting caution from the World Health Organization. Despite its convenience, reliance on it risks misdiagnoses, escalating expenses, and fostering antimicrobial resistance, urging a shift towards more dependable diagnostics.
Q 14.‘TAK-003’, a live attenuated dengue vaccine, is developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Japan]
Notes: TAK-003, developed by Japan’s Takeda, is a live-attenuated dengue vaccine containing weakened strains of all four virus serotypes. It’s WHO prequalified, the second dengue vaccine after CYD-TDV. Recommended for children aged 6-16 in high-burden, high-transmission areas, it aims to combat dengue.
Notes: TAK-003, developed by Japan’s Takeda, is a live-attenuated dengue vaccine containing weakened strains of all four virus serotypes. It’s WHO prequalified, the second dengue vaccine after CYD-TDV. Recommended for children aged 6-16 in high-burden, high-transmission areas, it aims to combat dengue.
Q 15.What is ‘Planetary Alignment’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [It is a term used to describe the positioning of planets in solar system]
Notes: Next month, on June 3, six planets—Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—will align in the sky. This alignment, an optical illusion of perspective, will be visible from Earth. Mars and Saturn will be visible to the naked eye, though dimly, while Uranus and Neptune will require telescopes or binoculars. Mercury and Jupiter will be hard to see due to their proximity to the Sun. Planetary alignment refers to the illusion of planets forming a line in space when viewed from a specific vantage point, rather than being perfectly aligned. This optical phenomenon offers a unique celestial spectacle, highlighting the dynamic interactions within our solar system.
Notes: Next month, on June 3, six planets—Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—will align in the sky. This alignment, an optical illusion of perspective, will be visible from Earth. Mars and Saturn will be visible to the naked eye, though dimly, while Uranus and Neptune will require telescopes or binoculars. Mercury and Jupiter will be hard to see due to their proximity to the Sun. Planetary alignment refers to the illusion of planets forming a line in space when viewed from a specific vantage point, rather than being perfectly aligned. This optical phenomenon offers a unique celestial spectacle, highlighting the dynamic interactions within our solar system.
Q 16.What is the main objective of Astrosat mission, recently seen in the news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [To study celestial sources in the X-ray, optical & spectral bands simultaneously]
Notes: Indian astrophysicists used AstroSat to discover aperiodic modulation of high-energy X-rays in Swift J1727.8-1613, a black hole binary source. AstroSat, India’s first dedicated astronomy mission, launched in 2015, observes celestial sources in X-ray, optical, and UV bands simultaneously. It carries five scientific payloads for imaging and studying cosmic sources. Unique for enabling multi-wavelength observations, AstroSat is controlled from Bengaluru. Its objectives include studying binary systems, star birth regions, and conducting deep-field surveys.
Notes: Indian astrophysicists used AstroSat to discover aperiodic modulation of high-energy X-rays in Swift J1727.8-1613, a black hole binary source. AstroSat, India’s first dedicated astronomy mission, launched in 2015, observes celestial sources in X-ray, optical, and UV bands simultaneously. It carries five scientific payloads for imaging and studying cosmic sources. Unique for enabling multi-wavelength observations, AstroSat is controlled from Bengaluru. Its objectives include studying binary systems, star birth regions, and conducting deep-field surveys.
Q 17.Recently, which state/UT has declared human rabies a notifiable disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Jammu and Kashmir]
Notes: The government of Jammu and Kashmir has designated human rabies as a notifiable disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897. Rabies, caused by the RABV virus, is a fatal viral disease affecting the central nervous system. It primarily spreads through the saliva of infected animals, with domestic dogs being the main transmitters. Rabies poses a significant threat, especially in Asia and Africa, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities and remains a neglected tropical disease.
Notes: The government of Jammu and Kashmir has designated human rabies as a notifiable disease under the Epidemic Diseases Act of 1897. Rabies, caused by the RABV virus, is a fatal viral disease affecting the central nervous system. It primarily spreads through the saliva of infected animals, with domestic dogs being the main transmitters. Rabies poses a significant threat, especially in Asia and Africa, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities and remains a neglected tropical disease.
Q 18.Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), recently seen in the news, developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [United States]
Notes: The US tested an unarmed Minuteman III ICBM from Vandenberg Space Force Base. The Minuteman III, deployed in the 1960s, is the sole land-based component of the US nuclear triad, designed by Boeing. Despite initial plans for a ten-year service, it will be used until the GBSD is available in 2029. The three-stage, solid-fuel missile, with a 13,000 km range, currently carries a single nuclear warhead, ensuring fast launch and high reliability.
Notes: The US tested an unarmed Minuteman III ICBM from Vandenberg Space Force Base. The Minuteman III, deployed in the 1960s, is the sole land-based component of the US nuclear triad, designed by Boeing. Despite initial plans for a ten-year service, it will be used until the GBSD is available in 2029. The three-stage, solid-fuel missile, with a 13,000 km range, currently carries a single nuclear warhead, ensuring fast launch and high reliability.
Q 19.What is “Rabbit R1”, recently mentioned in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [AI Device]
Notes: Global firms are adopting Large Action Models (LAMs) to cut costs. LAMs, like “Rabbit R1”, a phone-sized standalone AI device, are super advanced versions of LLMs, operating at 10x the speed. They handle complex tasks by integrating linguistic proficiency with task performance. LAMs use agents for autonomous actions, aiding in simpler tasks like ordering a cab and complex ones like robot motion planning.
Notes: Global firms are adopting Large Action Models (LAMs) to cut costs. LAMs, like “Rabbit R1”, a phone-sized standalone AI device, are super advanced versions of LLMs, operating at 10x the speed. They handle complex tasks by integrating linguistic proficiency with task performance. LAMs use agents for autonomous actions, aiding in simpler tasks like ordering a cab and complex ones like robot motion planning.
Q 20.Recently, which space organization successfully demonstrated the landing of the Pushpak reusable launch vehicle (RLV LEX-03)?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [ISRO]
Notes: ISRO achieved the third successful landing of its Pushpak reusable launch vehicle (RLV LEX-03), testing it under challenging conditions. The vehicle reused components from previous flights and employed advanced sensors for precise landing. Designed to reduce launch costs significantly, it aims to retrieve and land like an airplane after deploying satellites into space. The demonstration validated critical technologies, including advanced error correction algorithms, crucial for its future operational success and cost-effectiveness in space missions.
Notes: ISRO achieved the third successful landing of its Pushpak reusable launch vehicle (RLV LEX-03), testing it under challenging conditions. The vehicle reused components from previous flights and employed advanced sensors for precise landing. Designed to reduce launch costs significantly, it aims to retrieve and land like an airplane after deploying satellites into space. The demonstration validated critical technologies, including advanced error correction algorithms, crucial for its future operational success and cost-effectiveness in space missions.
Q 21.Hydroxyurea drug, recently seen in the news, is related to which disease?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Sickle cell anaemia]
Notes: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is addressing the significant challenge of sickle cell disease in India, which affects over 20 million people. A major issue is the lack of hydroxyurea formulations suitable for paediatric patients, complicating precise dosing for children. Hydroxyurea, effective in treating sickle cell disease and thalassemia, currently lacks appropriate paediatric versions. To resolve this, ICMR is seeking collaboration for developing and commercializing low-dose paediatric hydroxyurea formulations, aiming to improve treatment protocols for young patients.
Notes: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is addressing the significant challenge of sickle cell disease in India, which affects over 20 million people. A major issue is the lack of hydroxyurea formulations suitable for paediatric patients, complicating precise dosing for children. Hydroxyurea, effective in treating sickle cell disease and thalassemia, currently lacks appropriate paediatric versions. To resolve this, ICMR is seeking collaboration for developing and commercializing low-dose paediatric hydroxyurea formulations, aiming to improve treatment protocols for young patients.
Q 22.What does “origami in biology” refer to?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Folding biological molecules into specific shapes or structures]
Notes: Stanford researchers, driven by curiosity and “recreational biology,” discovered how a simple cell exhibits complex behavior without a nervous system. In biology, origami involves folding molecules like DNA into specific shapes, inspired by Japanese paper origami. Applications include synthetic biology for designing new proteins, drug design for targeting protein structures, and nanotechnology for creating nanoscale devices and materials.
Notes: Stanford researchers, driven by curiosity and “recreational biology,” discovered how a simple cell exhibits complex behavior without a nervous system. In biology, origami involves folding molecules like DNA into specific shapes, inspired by Japanese paper origami. Applications include synthetic biology for designing new proteins, drug design for targeting protein structures, and nanotechnology for creating nanoscale devices and materials.
Q 23.What is ‘Aedes albopictus’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Mosquito]
Notes: Warmer conditions are aiding the Aedes albopictus mosquito, which spreads dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, to thrive, according to the EU health agency. Climate change will likely increase dengue risk in Europe, especially in Spain, Italy, and France, due to rising temperatures and humidity. However, summer droughts in Spain and Portugal may reduce its habitat. Controlling Aedes albopictus involves removing standing water, using repellents, and community mosquito control programs.
Notes: Warmer conditions are aiding the Aedes albopictus mosquito, which spreads dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, to thrive, according to the EU health agency. Climate change will likely increase dengue risk in Europe, especially in Spain, Italy, and France, due to rising temperatures and humidity. However, summer droughts in Spain and Portugal may reduce its habitat. Controlling Aedes albopictus involves removing standing water, using repellents, and community mosquito control programs.
Q 24.What is the theme of ‘World Sickle Cell Day 2024’?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Hope Through Progress: Advancing Sickle Cell Care Globally]
Notes: World Sickle Cell Day is observed on June 19 to raise awareness about sickle cell disease, a genetic blood disorder. Established by a 2008 UN resolution, it aims to inform the public and stakeholders about early detection and prevention. The 2024 theme, “Hope through Progress: Advancing Sickle Cell Care Globally,” emphasizes improving care and providing relief for patients worldwide.
Notes: World Sickle Cell Day is observed on June 19 to raise awareness about sickle cell disease, a genetic blood disorder. Established by a 2008 UN resolution, it aims to inform the public and stakeholders about early detection and prevention. The 2024 theme, “Hope through Progress: Advancing Sickle Cell Care Globally,” emphasizes improving care and providing relief for patients worldwide.
Q 25.Recently, which country’s scientists have developed a catalyst to produce cheaper biodiesel?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [India, China and UK]
Notes: Scientists from Assam, Odisha (India), China, and the U.K. have developed a water-repellent catalyst to significantly reduce biodiesel production costs. Biofuels are quickly produced from biomass, unlike slow fossil fuel formation. They’re primarily liquid or gaseous and commonly blended with petroleum products for transportation. Some, like drop-in biofuels, don’t require blending. This catalyst breakthrough promises economical biodiesel production, potentially transforming renewable fuel accessibility and affordability.
Notes: Scientists from Assam, Odisha (India), China, and the U.K. have developed a water-repellent catalyst to significantly reduce biodiesel production costs. Biofuels are quickly produced from biomass, unlike slow fossil fuel formation. They’re primarily liquid or gaseous and commonly blended with petroleum products for transportation. Some, like drop-in biofuels, don’t require blending. This catalyst breakthrough promises economical biodiesel production, potentially transforming renewable fuel accessibility and affordability.
Q 26.What is ‘Capsaicin’, recently mentioned in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [A naturally-occurring botanical irritant in chili peppers]
Notes: Food safety authorities in Denmark recalled three types of South Korean spicy instant noodles due to high capsaicin levels posing “acute poisoning” risks. Capsaicin, found in chili peppers’ placenta, binds to TRPV1 receptors in humans, which detect heat and pain. This triggers a false sensation of burning, causing sweating, a red face, runny nose, teary eyes, and gut cramps as the body attempts to expel the perceived heat.
Notes: Food safety authorities in Denmark recalled three types of South Korean spicy instant noodles due to high capsaicin levels posing “acute poisoning” risks. Capsaicin, found in chili peppers’ placenta, binds to TRPV1 receptors in humans, which detect heat and pain. This triggers a false sensation of burning, causing sweating, a red face, runny nose, teary eyes, and gut cramps as the body attempts to expel the perceived heat.
Q 27.Recently, the Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) announced which country as a partner nation for the human spaceflight programme?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [India]
Notes: US-based Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) and Blue Origin have partnered with India for their human spaceflight program. They will offer six seats on a future New Shepard mission to citizens from countries with limited space presence. New Shepard, a reusable suborbital rocket, will take the selected astronauts on an 11-minute journey past the Kármán line, the internationally recognized space boundary at 100 km.
Notes: US-based Space Exploration and Research Agency (SERA) and Blue Origin have partnered with India for their human spaceflight program. They will offer six seats on a future New Shepard mission to citizens from countries with limited space presence. New Shepard, a reusable suborbital rocket, will take the selected astronauts on an 11-minute journey past the Kármán line, the internationally recognized space boundary at 100 km.
Q 28.Which organization has recently captured an epic view of the largest volcano in our solar system named Olympus Mons using the Mars Odyssey orbiter?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [NASA]
Notes: NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter captured an epic view of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system. Launched in 2001, Odyssey’s mission includes mapping Mars’ surface and serving as a communication relay. Olympus Mons, a shield volcano, is 24 kilometers high and 550 kilometers wide, dwarfing Earth’s Mauna Loa. Odyssey holds the record for the longest active mission around another planet, scheduled to last until 2025.
Notes: NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter captured an epic view of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano in the solar system. Launched in 2001, Odyssey’s mission includes mapping Mars’ surface and serving as a communication relay. Olympus Mons, a shield volcano, is 24 kilometers high and 550 kilometers wide, dwarfing Earth’s Mauna Loa. Odyssey holds the record for the longest active mission around another planet, scheduled to last until 2025.
Q 29.Which ministry launched Indo-French Liver and Metabolic Disease Network (InFLiMeN) in collaboration with Government of France?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Ministry of Science and Technology]
Notes: The Ministry of Science and Technology launched the Indo-French Liver and Metabolic Disease Network (InFLiMeN) with the French government. InFLiMeN, based at the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi, is a joint research program promoting scientific exchanges and collaborative projects to combat liver and metabolic disorders. Notably, every third Indian has fatty liver, which precedes Type 2 Diabetes, highlighting InFLiMeN’s significance in addressing this issue.
Notes: The Ministry of Science and Technology launched the Indo-French Liver and Metabolic Disease Network (InFLiMeN) with the French government. InFLiMeN, based at the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi, is a joint research program promoting scientific exchanges and collaborative projects to combat liver and metabolic disorders. Notably, every third Indian has fatty liver, which precedes Type 2 Diabetes, highlighting InFLiMeN’s significance in addressing this issue.
Q 30.Recently, which country has made world’s first high- temperature superconducting Tokamak device ‘HH70’?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [China]
Notes: China has unveiled HH70, the world’s first fully high-temperature superconducting Tokamak device, in Shanghai. Developed by Energy Singularity, HH70 achieved first plasma, utilizing innovative pre-ionization methods. With a toroidal magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla and a major radius of 0.75 meters, it features 26 high-temperature superconducting magnets. HH70 marks China’s leadership in high-temperature superconducting magnetic confinement fusion, setting milestones as the first commercial superconducting Tokamak worldwide. Energy Singularity plans to advance with HH170, aiming for significant energy gain by 2030, cementing China’s pioneering role in fusion energy technology.
Notes: China has unveiled HH70, the world’s first fully high-temperature superconducting Tokamak device, in Shanghai. Developed by Energy Singularity, HH70 achieved first plasma, utilizing innovative pre-ionization methods. With a toroidal magnetic field of 0.6 Tesla and a major radius of 0.75 meters, it features 26 high-temperature superconducting magnets. HH70 marks China’s leadership in high-temperature superconducting magnetic confinement fusion, setting milestones as the first commercial superconducting Tokamak worldwide. Energy Singularity plans to advance with HH170, aiming for significant energy gain by 2030, cementing China’s pioneering role in fusion energy technology.
Q 31.Recently, which space agency has successfully launched the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-4 “DAICHI-4” (ALOS-4) to revolutionize disaster management?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [JAXA]
Notes: The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-4 “DAICHI-4” (ALOS-4) on July 1, 2024, using the H3 Launch Vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center. ALOS-4 features a Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-3 (PALSAR-3) and Space-based AIS Experiment (SPAISE3), enhancing its capability for high-resolution, all-weather observations. This satellite is pivotal for disaster management, offering extensive monitoring capabilities crucial for mitigating natural disasters and environmental monitoring.
Notes: The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-4 “DAICHI-4” (ALOS-4) on July 1, 2024, using the H3 Launch Vehicle from Tanegashima Space Center. ALOS-4 features a Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-3 (PALSAR-3) and Space-based AIS Experiment (SPAISE3), enhancing its capability for high-resolution, all-weather observations. This satellite is pivotal for disaster management, offering extensive monitoring capabilities crucial for mitigating natural disasters and environmental monitoring.
Q 32.Typhon Weapons System, which was seen in the news, developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [USA]
Notes: The Philippine Army confirmed the imminent withdrawal of the “deadly” Typhon Weapons System, used by the US in joint military exercises. Also known as the Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System, Typhon includes Standard Missile 6 (SM-6) for ballistic defense and ship targeting up to 370 km. It also deploys Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles and comprises four launchers, a command post, and support vehicles on trailers. Using Mk 41 Vertical Launch System (VLS) technology, it integrates various missiles and sources external targeting data.
Notes: The Philippine Army confirmed the imminent withdrawal of the “deadly” Typhon Weapons System, used by the US in joint military exercises. Also known as the Strategic Mid-Range Fires (SMRF) System, Typhon includes Standard Missile 6 (SM-6) for ballistic defense and ship targeting up to 370 km. It also deploys Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles and comprises four launchers, a command post, and support vehicles on trailers. Using Mk 41 Vertical Launch System (VLS) technology, it integrates various missiles and sources external targeting data.
Q 33.Recently, researchers of which institute have demonstrated a novel method to create mineral nanoparticles using microdroplets of water?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [IIT Madras]
Notes: Researchers at IIT Madras have discovered a method to create mineral nanoparticles using microdroplets of water, which are about 10 micrometers in size. This breakthrough has potential implications for the origin of life and agricultural soil replenishment. Microdroplets can break down minerals into nanoparticles faster than bulk water. Silica nanoparticles, for example, can enhance plant growth, potentially converting unproductive soils into fertile lands and improving food production and security.
Notes: Researchers at IIT Madras have discovered a method to create mineral nanoparticles using microdroplets of water, which are about 10 micrometers in size. This breakthrough has potential implications for the origin of life and agricultural soil replenishment. Microdroplets can break down minerals into nanoparticles faster than bulk water. Silica nanoparticles, for example, can enhance plant growth, potentially converting unproductive soils into fertile lands and improving food production and security.
Q 34.Which institution recently conducted the study on CdTe (Cadmium telluride) technology’s environmental impact?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [IIT, Mandi]
Notes: Researchers at IIT Mandi found CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) technology to have minimal environmental impact among solar cell technologies in India. CdTe, an odorless black crystalline solid, is made from Cadmium and Tellurium. It is insoluble in water, dissolves in nitrate acid, and oxidizes in moist air. CdTe has the lowest CO2 emissions, ozone depletion potential, and human health effects. It is widely used in thin-film solar cells and semiconductor detectors.
Notes: Researchers at IIT Mandi found CdTe (Cadmium Telluride) technology to have minimal environmental impact among solar cell technologies in India. CdTe, an odorless black crystalline solid, is made from Cadmium and Tellurium. It is insoluble in water, dissolves in nitrate acid, and oxidizes in moist air. CdTe has the lowest CO2 emissions, ozone depletion potential, and human health effects. It is widely used in thin-film solar cells and semiconductor detectors.
Q 35.Recently, scientists from which country have developed a robot face with living skin?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Japan]
Notes: In July 2024, Minghao Nie from the University of Tokyo, Japan showcased a robot face covered in human skin tissue. This research, led by Shoji Takeuchi, aims to enhance robotic realism by incorporating living tissue capable of expressing emotions. The breakthrough allows robots to make facial expressions, combining biological materials with robotics to create more human-like machines.
Notes: In July 2024, Minghao Nie from the University of Tokyo, Japan showcased a robot face covered in human skin tissue. This research, led by Shoji Takeuchi, aims to enhance robotic realism by incorporating living tissue capable of expressing emotions. The breakthrough allows robots to make facial expressions, combining biological materials with robotics to create more human-like machines.
Q 36.Tinzaparin drug, recently seen in the news, is used to treat which disease?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Blood clots]
Notes: Researchers discovered that tinzaparin, a drug used to treat blood clots, significantly reduces cell damage caused by spitting cobra venom. Tinzaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with antithrombotic properties, typically used for deep venous thrombosis. The research showed that tinzaparin blocks the interaction between the venom and cell receptors by binding to venom molecules. This action interferes with the venom’s toxic effects by disrupting the biological pathway that produces heparan sulfate. When tinzaparin was applied immediately after venom exposure, it enhanced cell survival, offering a potential new approach to mitigate snake venom toxicity.
Notes: Researchers discovered that tinzaparin, a drug used to treat blood clots, significantly reduces cell damage caused by spitting cobra venom. Tinzaparin is a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with antithrombotic properties, typically used for deep venous thrombosis. The research showed that tinzaparin blocks the interaction between the venom and cell receptors by binding to venom molecules. This action interferes with the venom’s toxic effects by disrupting the biological pathway that produces heparan sulfate. When tinzaparin was applied immediately after venom exposure, it enhanced cell survival, offering a potential new approach to mitigate snake venom toxicity.
Q 37.Which country recently reported the world’s first death due to Oropouche virus?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Brazil]
Notes: Brazil recently reported the world’s first death due to the Oropouche virus. This virus, a segmented single-stranded RNA virus, circulates in Central and South America and the Caribbean. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the Culicoides paraensis midge or Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, found in forested areas and near water bodies. Symptoms are similar to dengue, including fever, headache, joint stiffness, pain, and nausea. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus. Currently, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine exists for Oropouche virus disease.
Notes: Brazil recently reported the world’s first death due to the Oropouche virus. This virus, a segmented single-stranded RNA virus, circulates in Central and South America and the Caribbean. It is primarily transmitted to humans through the Culicoides paraensis midge or Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, found in forested areas and near water bodies. Symptoms are similar to dengue, including fever, headache, joint stiffness, pain, and nausea. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission of the virus. Currently, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine exists for Oropouche virus disease.
Q 38.What is ‘Sucralose’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [A no-calorie sweetener]
Notes: Sucralose, a no-calorie artificial sweetener made from table sugar (sucrose), has been found to have no adverse impact on glucose or HbA1c levels and may even improve body mass index (BMI). It’s approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar and exceptionally stable. Most consumed sucralose (85%) passes through the body unchanged while the remaining 15% absorbed sucralose gets excreted quickly in urine without providing any calories.
Notes: Sucralose, a no-calorie artificial sweetener made from table sugar (sucrose), has been found to have no adverse impact on glucose or HbA1c levels and may even improve body mass index (BMI). It’s approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar and exceptionally stable. Most consumed sucralose (85%) passes through the body unchanged while the remaining 15% absorbed sucralose gets excreted quickly in urine without providing any calories.
Q 39.What is Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp), recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Drug-resistant bacteria]
Notes: The WHO has issued a warning about the superbug hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp). hvKp is a drug-resistant bacteria that can cause severe, fast-spreading infections even in healthy people. It is found in the environment, like soil and water, as well as in the upper throat and gut of animals and humans. It can lead to infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and meningitis.
Notes: The WHO has issued a warning about the superbug hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp). hvKp is a drug-resistant bacteria that can cause severe, fast-spreading infections even in healthy people. It is found in the environment, like soil and water, as well as in the upper throat and gut of animals and humans. It can lead to infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and meningitis.
Q 40.Munal satellite, recently seen in the news, is developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Nepal]
Notes: An MoU was signed between India’s Ministry of External Affairs and NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) to launch Nepal’s Munal satellite. The agreement was witnessed during the visit of India’s External Affairs Minister to Nepal. Munal Satellite is an indigenous Nepali project, developed by Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) with help from Antarikchya Pratishan Nepal (APN), focusing on creating a vegetation density database of Earth’s surface. The satellite will be launched soon using NSIL’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
Notes: An MoU was signed between India’s Ministry of External Affairs and NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) to launch Nepal’s Munal satellite. The agreement was witnessed during the visit of India’s External Affairs Minister to Nepal. Munal Satellite is an indigenous Nepali project, developed by Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) with help from Antarikchya Pratishan Nepal (APN), focusing on creating a vegetation density database of Earth’s surface. The satellite will be launched soon using NSIL’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle.
Q 41.Which institution has recently developed footwear for the armed forces using Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [IIT Indore]
Notes: IIT Indore has developed footwear for military personnel using Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology. TENG technology converts mechanical energy from walking into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect, which generates electricity from friction. This technology acts as a portable and renewable energy source. The stored energy can power small electronics, wearable devices, IoT devices, and medical devices.
Notes: IIT Indore has developed footwear for military personnel using Tribo-Electric Nanogenerator (TENG) technology. TENG technology converts mechanical energy from walking into electrical energy through the triboelectric effect, which generates electricity from friction. This technology acts as a portable and renewable energy source. The stored energy can power small electronics, wearable devices, IoT devices, and medical devices.
Q 42.What is ‘Silicosis’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [A respiratory disease]
Notes: Researchers have recently warned that silicosis, a respiratory disease that hardens the lungs, could become as serious as asbestos exposure. It is caused by inhaling silica dust found in soil, sand, concrete, granite, and artificial stone. Commonly affects workers in construction, mining, oil and gas extraction, kitchen engineering, dentistry, pottery, and sculpting. People in these industries face a higher risk of developing silicosis after 10-20 years of exposure. Symptoms include a persistent cough, shortness of breath, weakness, and tiredness.
Notes: Researchers have recently warned that silicosis, a respiratory disease that hardens the lungs, could become as serious as asbestos exposure. It is caused by inhaling silica dust found in soil, sand, concrete, granite, and artificial stone. Commonly affects workers in construction, mining, oil and gas extraction, kitchen engineering, dentistry, pottery, and sculpting. People in these industries face a higher risk of developing silicosis after 10-20 years of exposure. Symptoms include a persistent cough, shortness of breath, weakness, and tiredness.
Q 43.Recently, which institutions collaborated on developing the security alert system based on piezoelectric polymer nanocomposites?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences and National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)]
Notes: Researchers from CeNS and CSIR-NCL have developed a security alert system using piezoelectric polymer nanocomposites.These polymers generate electric charges when subjected to pressure, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.They offer higher piezoelectric stress constants than ceramics, making them superior sensors. The polymers have low dielectric constants, low elastic stiffness, and low density, providing high voltage sensitivity and low acoustic and mechanical impedance, useful for medical and underwater applications. They are lightweight, flexible, and can be manufactured into large areas and complex shapes, with high dielectric breakdown and operating field strength.
Notes: Researchers from CeNS and CSIR-NCL have developed a security alert system using piezoelectric polymer nanocomposites.These polymers generate electric charges when subjected to pressure, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.They offer higher piezoelectric stress constants than ceramics, making them superior sensors. The polymers have low dielectric constants, low elastic stiffness, and low density, providing high voltage sensitivity and low acoustic and mechanical impedance, useful for medical and underwater applications. They are lightweight, flexible, and can be manufactured into large areas and complex shapes, with high dielectric breakdown and operating field strength.
Q 44.What is ‘Acetanilide’, recently mentioned in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Synthetic organic compound]
Notes: Recently, five people fell unconscious and were hospitalized in Visakhapatnam while shifting acetanilide bags between containers. Acetanilide is a synthetic organic compound with the formula C8H9NO, also known as N-phenylacetamide or acetanil. It is a white, odorless solid related to acetic acid and was first used as a fever-reducing drug in 1886.Acetanilide was used for pain relief, including headaches and cramps, but has been largely replaced by acetaminophen (paracetamol) due to toxic side effects that affect hemoglobin function. It is still used as an intermediate in producing dyes, rubber, and other chemicals.
Notes: Recently, five people fell unconscious and were hospitalized in Visakhapatnam while shifting acetanilide bags between containers. Acetanilide is a synthetic organic compound with the formula C8H9NO, also known as N-phenylacetamide or acetanil. It is a white, odorless solid related to acetic acid and was first used as a fever-reducing drug in 1886.Acetanilide was used for pain relief, including headaches and cramps, but has been largely replaced by acetaminophen (paracetamol) due to toxic side effects that affect hemoglobin function. It is still used as an intermediate in producing dyes, rubber, and other chemicals.
Q 45.Project Strawberry, which was seen in the news, is related to which field?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Artificial Intelligence]
Notes: OpenAI is preparing to release its most advanced AI model, potentially part of ChatGPT-5, known as Project Strawberry. This model is expected to greatly enhance AI’s reasoning, math, and programming skills, bringing OpenAI closer to developing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Project Strawberry can generate high-quality synthetic data to address gaps in real-world data and improve training accuracy. AGI refers to AI with capabilities comparable to the human brain.Synthetic data is artificial data created by algorithms to replicate real-world data patterns and characteristics.
Notes: OpenAI is preparing to release its most advanced AI model, potentially part of ChatGPT-5, known as Project Strawberry. This model is expected to greatly enhance AI’s reasoning, math, and programming skills, bringing OpenAI closer to developing Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). Project Strawberry can generate high-quality synthetic data to address gaps in real-world data and improve training accuracy. AGI refers to AI with capabilities comparable to the human brain.Synthetic data is artificial data created by algorithms to replicate real-world data patterns and characteristics.
Q 46.BPaLM Regimen, recently seen in the news, is associated with which disease?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Tuberculosis]
Notes: The Union Health Ministry recently introduced the BPaLM regimen for treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) under the National TB Elimination Program. The BPaLM regimen combines four drugs: Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and optionally Moxifloxacin. Pretomanid is a new anti-TB drug approved for use in India. The regimen is safer, more effective, and patient-friendly compared to traditional treatments. It is an all-oral treatment with fewer side effects and a shorter duration of just six months, compared to the previous 20-month treatments for drug-resistant TB.
Notes: The Union Health Ministry recently introduced the BPaLM regimen for treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) under the National TB Elimination Program. The BPaLM regimen combines four drugs: Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, Linezolid, and optionally Moxifloxacin. Pretomanid is a new anti-TB drug approved for use in India. The regimen is safer, more effective, and patient-friendly compared to traditional treatments. It is an all-oral treatment with fewer side effects and a shorter duration of just six months, compared to the previous 20-month treatments for drug-resistant TB.
Q 47.What is a ‘Nebula’, recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Giant cloud of dust and gas in space]
Notes: NASA recently shared an amazing image of the Red Spider Nebula, exciting space fans. A nebula is a large cloud of dust and gas in space, where new stars can form or where gas and dust from dying stars collect. Nebulae, often called “star nurseries,” consist mainly of hydrogen and helium. Gravity causes clumps of dust and gas in a nebula to come together, eventually collapsing to form a hot core that becomes a new star. Nebulae are found in interstellar space, with the closest known one being the Helix Nebula, about 700 light-years from Earth. Nebulae vary in shape and size and include types like planetary nebulas, supernova remnants, and emission nebulae.
Notes: NASA recently shared an amazing image of the Red Spider Nebula, exciting space fans. A nebula is a large cloud of dust and gas in space, where new stars can form or where gas and dust from dying stars collect. Nebulae, often called “star nurseries,” consist mainly of hydrogen and helium. Gravity causes clumps of dust and gas in a nebula to come together, eventually collapsing to form a hot core that becomes a new star. Nebulae are found in interstellar space, with the closest known one being the Helix Nebula, about 700 light-years from Earth. Nebulae vary in shape and size and include types like planetary nebulas, supernova remnants, and emission nebulae.
Q 48.“Soyuz spacecraft”, recently seen in the news, belongs to which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Russia]
Notes: A Soyuz spacecraft carrying two Russians and an American recently docked at the International Space Station (ISS). The Soyuz is a Russian spacecraft and the longest-running human spacecraft program in history. It transports cosmonauts and astronauts to and from the ISS, weighing 7 tonnes, and can carry three people. It also brings supplies like food and water. One Soyuz remains docked at the ISS as an emergency escape pod. The spacecraft has three modules: the Orbital Module for crew living, the Descent Module for safe reentry, and a third for life support. The Soyuz rocket launches the capsule, which reaches space in nine minutes.
Notes: A Soyuz spacecraft carrying two Russians and an American recently docked at the International Space Station (ISS). The Soyuz is a Russian spacecraft and the longest-running human spacecraft program in history. It transports cosmonauts and astronauts to and from the ISS, weighing 7 tonnes, and can carry three people. It also brings supplies like food and water. One Soyuz remains docked at the ISS as an emergency escape pod. The spacecraft has three modules: the Orbital Module for crew living, the Descent Module for safe reentry, and a third for life support. The Soyuz rocket launches the capsule, which reaches space in nine minutes.
Q 49.What is “Schizophrenia”, recently mentioned in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Mental disorder]
Notes: The FDA has approved Cobenfy, an oral medication by Bristol Myers Squibb, for treating schizophrenia in adults. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting thoughts, emotions, and social interactions. It primarily impacts young adults, with about 1 in 100 people affected, and men are twice as likely to develop it as women. Symptoms include psychotic (hallucinations, delusions), negative (loss of motivation, social withdrawal), and cognitive (attention and memory problems). While there’s no cure, antipsychotic medications and psychological therapies can effectively reduce symptoms and improve function.
Notes: The FDA has approved Cobenfy, an oral medication by Bristol Myers Squibb, for treating schizophrenia in adults. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting thoughts, emotions, and social interactions. It primarily impacts young adults, with about 1 in 100 people affected, and men are twice as likely to develop it as women. Symptoms include psychotic (hallucinations, delusions), negative (loss of motivation, social withdrawal), and cognitive (attention and memory problems). While there’s no cure, antipsychotic medications and psychological therapies can effectively reduce symptoms and improve function.
Q 50.Which space organization recently announced ‘DRACO Mission’ to study satellite disintegration phenomenon?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [European Space Agency (ESA)]
Notes: ESA will launch a satellite called DRACO (Destructive Reentry Assessment Container Object) mission in 2027 to study satellite disintegration during reentry. DRACO aims to help reduce space debris by collecting data on how satellites break apart. The mission will also study the environmental impact of reentry, including material interactions with the atmosphere.Deimos, a European company, will build the 200-kilogram satellite. DRACO will carry a 40-centimetre capsule with cameras and sensors to record data during reentry. The capsule will parachute down after reentry, sending crucial information before being lost at sea.
Notes: ESA will launch a satellite called DRACO (Destructive Reentry Assessment Container Object) mission in 2027 to study satellite disintegration during reentry. DRACO aims to help reduce space debris by collecting data on how satellites break apart. The mission will also study the environmental impact of reentry, including material interactions with the atmosphere.Deimos, a European company, will build the 200-kilogram satellite. DRACO will carry a 40-centimetre capsule with cameras and sensors to record data during reentry. The capsule will parachute down after reentry, sending crucial information before being lost at sea.
Q 51.What kind of disease is Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), that was recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Skin disease]
Notes: Researchers from Australia and Germany have successfully cured patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) for the first time. TEN, also called Lyell’s syndrome, is a rare and life-threatening skin disease. It is the most severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). TEN and SJS are typically caused by reactions to certain medications, such as antibiotics or anticonvulsants. People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing SJS or TEN.
Notes: Researchers from Australia and Germany have successfully cured patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) for the first time. TEN, also called Lyell’s syndrome, is a rare and life-threatening skin disease. It is the most severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). TEN and SJS are typically caused by reactions to certain medications, such as antibiotics or anticonvulsants. People with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing SJS or TEN.
Q 52.Which institute has developed the new biodegradable foam to address plastic waste in packaging?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru]
Notes: Indian Institute of Science (IISc) researchers have developed biodegradable foam that could revolutionize packaging and address environmental issues. This bio-foam, made from FDA-approved bio-based epoxy resins and tea leaf-derived hardeners, offers a sustainable alternative to plastic foams used in FMCG packaging. It is an eco-friendly replacement for expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane foams. The foam’s structure allows it to be reprocessed or dissolved without losing strength and can disintegrate within three hours in eco-friendly solvents at 80°C. Safe for landfills, it prevents groundwater contamination. With a $7.9 billion market, this innovation targets low recycling rates in plastic foam packaging.
Notes: Indian Institute of Science (IISc) researchers have developed biodegradable foam that could revolutionize packaging and address environmental issues. This bio-foam, made from FDA-approved bio-based epoxy resins and tea leaf-derived hardeners, offers a sustainable alternative to plastic foams used in FMCG packaging. It is an eco-friendly replacement for expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyurethane foams. The foam’s structure allows it to be reprocessed or dissolved without losing strength and can disintegrate within three hours in eco-friendly solvents at 80°C. Safe for landfills, it prevents groundwater contamination. With a $7.9 billion market, this innovation targets low recycling rates in plastic foam packaging.
Q 53.Which institute in India recently developed the cell-based biocomputer using genetically modified bacteria?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics (SINP)]
Notes: Indian researchers at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics developed a cell-based biocomputer using genetically modified bacteria. Living cells, like brain neurons and immune cells, naturally compute to perform biological functions. Synthetic biology enables engineering cells for human-designed computations, creating cell-based biocomputers. Genetic circuits were introduced in E. coli bacteria, acting as “bactoneurons” to perform complex computations like artificial neural networks. Potential applications include enhanced drug design, personalized medicine, and optimized biomanufacturing.
Notes: Indian researchers at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics developed a cell-based biocomputer using genetically modified bacteria. Living cells, like brain neurons and immune cells, naturally compute to perform biological functions. Synthetic biology enables engineering cells for human-designed computations, creating cell-based biocomputers. Genetic circuits were introduced in E. coli bacteria, acting as “bactoneurons” to perform complex computations like artificial neural networks. Potential applications include enhanced drug design, personalized medicine, and optimized biomanufacturing.
Q 54.What kind of disease is Handigodu, that was recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Bone and Joint disease]
Notes: Karnataka Health Minister Dinesh Gundu Rao has directed officials to study Handigodu disease scientifically. Handigodu disease is a rare osteoarthritic disorder (bone and joint disease) found in Shimoga and Chikmaglur districts. It is an inherited degenerative bone and joint disease, first noticed in Handigodu village. Symptoms include severe joint and hip pain, deformation, dwarfism, and difficulty walking. The disease begins in preadolescence and can severely affect mobility. Over 1,000 people have died from the disease since its discovery in 1975. It is similar to Mseleni Joint Disease in South Africa.
Notes: Karnataka Health Minister Dinesh Gundu Rao has directed officials to study Handigodu disease scientifically. Handigodu disease is a rare osteoarthritic disorder (bone and joint disease) found in Shimoga and Chikmaglur districts. It is an inherited degenerative bone and joint disease, first noticed in Handigodu village. Symptoms include severe joint and hip pain, deformation, dwarfism, and difficulty walking. The disease begins in preadolescence and can severely affect mobility. Over 1,000 people have died from the disease since its discovery in 1975. It is similar to Mseleni Joint Disease in South Africa.
Q 55.Which organization was officially recognized as an awarding body by NCVET in the space sector?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Center (IN-SPACe)]
Notes: National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET), Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of India, recognized IN-SPACe as a dual awarding body to strengthen vocational education in the space sector. IN-SPACe, under the Department of Space, promotes and enables space activities like satellite manufacturing and space services. The collaboration aligns IN-SPACe training with global standards, supporting initiatives like Skill India Mission. Six National Occupational Standards (NoS) for space-related training were approved, covering areas like satellite manufacturing, orbital mechanics, and space propulsion. NCVET ensures quality standards in vocational training, fostering a skilled workforce for industry demands.
Notes: National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET), Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE), Government of India, recognized IN-SPACe as a dual awarding body to strengthen vocational education in the space sector. IN-SPACe, under the Department of Space, promotes and enables space activities like satellite manufacturing and space services. The collaboration aligns IN-SPACe training with global standards, supporting initiatives like Skill India Mission. Six National Occupational Standards (NoS) for space-related training were approved, covering areas like satellite manufacturing, orbital mechanics, and space propulsion. NCVET ensures quality standards in vocational training, fostering a skilled workforce for industry demands.
Q 56.EnVision mission is associated with which space agency?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [European Space Agency (ESA)]
Notes: The EnVision mission, adopted by the European Space Agency (ESA), aims to explore Venus, Earth’s closest planetary neighbor, with a launch scheduled for 2031. It will investigate the planet’s surface, interior, and atmosphere using advanced radar technology and spectrometers, providing insights into its geological activity and atmospheric composition.
Notes: The EnVision mission, adopted by the European Space Agency (ESA), aims to explore Venus, Earth’s closest planetary neighbor, with a launch scheduled for 2031. It will investigate the planet’s surface, interior, and atmosphere using advanced radar technology and spectrometers, providing insights into its geological activity and atmospheric composition.
Q 57.What is the name of the distant galaxy discovered by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Firefly Sparkle]
Notes: NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope discovered a distant galaxy named Firefly Sparkle, 13 billion light-years away. This galaxy offers insights into the Milky Way’s early appearance, forming 100-400 million years before the observed stage. Firefly Sparkle contains 10 star clusters with a mass equivalent to 10 million suns, spanning 1,000 light-years in its visible region. It is part of a system with two smaller galaxies, Firefly-Best Friend and Firefly-New Best Friend. The discovery highlights the early stages of galaxy formation and evolution, providing a glimpse into cosmic history.
Notes: NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope discovered a distant galaxy named Firefly Sparkle, 13 billion light-years away. This galaxy offers insights into the Milky Way’s early appearance, forming 100-400 million years before the observed stage. Firefly Sparkle contains 10 star clusters with a mass equivalent to 10 million suns, spanning 1,000 light-years in its visible region. It is part of a system with two smaller galaxies, Firefly-Best Friend and Firefly-New Best Friend. The discovery highlights the early stages of galaxy formation and evolution, providing a glimpse into cosmic history.
Q 58.What kind of disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Lung disease ]
Notes: A famous tabla maestro and five-time Grammy Award winner Ustad Zakir Hussain passed away in San Francisco due to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic disease that affects the lung tissue surrounding air sacs (alveoli), causing them to become thick and stiff. Over time, this leads to permanent scarring, making it harder to breathe. Complications include pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream and organs. Those with a history of smoking, a family history of IPF, and older adults are at higher risk.
Notes: A famous tabla maestro and five-time Grammy Award winner Ustad Zakir Hussain passed away in San Francisco due to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic disease that affects the lung tissue surrounding air sacs (alveoli), causing them to become thick and stiff. Over time, this leads to permanent scarring, making it harder to breathe. Complications include pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream and organs. Those with a history of smoking, a family history of IPF, and older adults are at higher risk.
Q 59.Buruli ulcer disease, that was recently seen in news, is caused by which agent?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Bacteria]
Notes: Buruli ulcer is a chronic skin disease caused by bacteria ‘Mycobacterium ulcerans’. It mainly affects regions in West and Central Africa and has recently been reported in Australia. The disease spreads to humans through mosquitoes, with possums acting as the primary bacterial reservoir. Symptoms include non-healing ulcers that can cause severe tissue damage if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and surgery are crucial for managing the disease. The World Health Organization recognizes it as a neglected tropical disease, highlighting the need for increased awareness due to rising cases.
Notes: Buruli ulcer is a chronic skin disease caused by bacteria ‘Mycobacterium ulcerans’. It mainly affects regions in West and Central Africa and has recently been reported in Australia. The disease spreads to humans through mosquitoes, with possums acting as the primary bacterial reservoir. Symptoms include non-healing ulcers that can cause severe tissue damage if untreated. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and surgery are crucial for managing the disease. The World Health Organization recognizes it as a neglected tropical disease, highlighting the need for increased awareness due to rising cases.
Q 60.Which organization has launched “IRIS2” space programme?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [European Union (EU)]
Notes: The European Union launched the IRIS2 (Infrastructure for Resilience, Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite) space programme to rival Elon Musk’s Starlink. It is the EU’s third major satellite project after Galileo (navigation) and Copernicus (Earth observation). The European Space Agency developed the programme, featuring a 290-satellite constellation in medium and low Earth orbit. IRIS2 provides secure, resilient, and high-speed connectivity in remote areas. It supports applications in surveillance, crisis management, security, and defence.
Notes: The European Union launched the IRIS2 (Infrastructure for Resilience, Interconnectivity and Security by Satellite) space programme to rival Elon Musk’s Starlink. It is the EU’s third major satellite project after Galileo (navigation) and Copernicus (Earth observation). The European Space Agency developed the programme, featuring a 290-satellite constellation in medium and low Earth orbit. IRIS2 provides secure, resilient, and high-speed connectivity in remote areas. It supports applications in surveillance, crisis management, security, and defence.
Q 61.Which country has developed the world’s first carbon-14 diamond battery?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [United Kingdom]
Notes: Scientists at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom and UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) developed the world’s first carbon-14 diamond battery using radioactive decay, synthetic diamonds, and plasma chemistry. It uses carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a 5,700-year half-life, emitting short-range radiation absorbed by solid materials. The battery functions like solar panels but captures fast-moving electrons within the diamond structure. It powers healthcare devices like pacemakers, hearing aids, and ocular devices, lasting years without replacement. It is ideal for extreme environments on Earth and in space, offering a long-lasting power source for spacecraft without needing recharging or replacement.
Notes: Scientists at the University of Bristol, United Kingdom and UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) developed the world’s first carbon-14 diamond battery using radioactive decay, synthetic diamonds, and plasma chemistry. It uses carbon-14, a radioactive isotope with a 5,700-year half-life, emitting short-range radiation absorbed by solid materials. The battery functions like solar panels but captures fast-moving electrons within the diamond structure. It powers healthcare devices like pacemakers, hearing aids, and ocular devices, lasting years without replacement. It is ideal for extreme environments on Earth and in space, offering a long-lasting power source for spacecraft without needing recharging or replacement.
Q 62.Which country has developed a new anti missile system called Dark Eagle?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [United States of America]
Notes: The United States has developed the Dark Eagle, a long-range hypersonic anti-missile system. It successfully completed a test flight and is nearing operational readiness. Dark Eagle intercepts ballistic, cruise, and hypersonic missiles mid-air. Its operational range exceeds 2,775 km, allowing deep strikes in enemy territory. The system has a two-stage ballistic missile with a hypersonic glide warhead (C-HGB). The C-HGB can reach speeds of Mach 17 (3,000–3,700 m/s) at altitudes below 50 km. It aims to counter advanced air defense systems like Russia’s S-300V4, S-400, and S-500.
Notes: The United States has developed the Dark Eagle, a long-range hypersonic anti-missile system. It successfully completed a test flight and is nearing operational readiness. Dark Eagle intercepts ballistic, cruise, and hypersonic missiles mid-air. Its operational range exceeds 2,775 km, allowing deep strikes in enemy territory. The system has a two-stage ballistic missile with a hypersonic glide warhead (C-HGB). The C-HGB can reach speeds of Mach 17 (3,000–3,700 m/s) at altitudes below 50 km. It aims to counter advanced air defense systems like Russia’s S-300V4, S-400, and S-500.
Q 63.What kind of disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Lung disease ]
Notes: A famous tabla maestro and five-time Grammy Award winner Ustad Zakir Hussain passed away in San Francisco due to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic disease that affects the lung tissue surrounding air sacs (alveoli), causing them to become thick and stiff. Over time, this leads to permanent scarring, making it harder to breathe. Complications include pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream and organs. Those with a history of smoking, a family history of IPF, and older adults are at higher risk.
Notes: A famous tabla maestro and five-time Grammy Award winner Ustad Zakir Hussain passed away in San Francisco due to Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic disease that affects the lung tissue surrounding air sacs (alveoli), causing them to become thick and stiff. Over time, this leads to permanent scarring, making it harder to breathe. Complications include pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure, preventing oxygen from reaching the bloodstream and organs. Those with a history of smoking, a family history of IPF, and older adults are at higher risk.
Q 64.Where was the Advanced Facility for Pashmina Certification and the Next Generation DNA Sequencing Facility recently inaugurated?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun]
Notes: The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change inaugurated an Advanced Facility for Pashmina Certification and a Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) Facility at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun. NGS is a revolutionary technology for rapidly decoding entire genomes, analyzing millions of DNA sequences simultaneously. It helps researchers understand genetic diversity, evolutionary relationships, and population health. In wildlife conservation, NGS aids in studying genetic health, disease outbreaks, illegal wildlife trade, and climate change impacts on biodiversity. This advanced facility establishes WII as a leader in molecular and genetic wildlife conservation research.
Notes: The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change inaugurated an Advanced Facility for Pashmina Certification and a Next Generation DNA Sequencing (NGS) Facility at the Wildlife Institute of India (WII), Dehradun. NGS is a revolutionary technology for rapidly decoding entire genomes, analyzing millions of DNA sequences simultaneously. It helps researchers understand genetic diversity, evolutionary relationships, and population health. In wildlife conservation, NGS aids in studying genetic health, disease outbreaks, illegal wildlife trade, and climate change impacts on biodiversity. This advanced facility establishes WII as a leader in molecular and genetic wildlife conservation research.
Q 65.What are “Archaea” that were recently seen in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Primitive microorganisms]
Notes: The study of archaea, a domain of ancient microorganisms, has provided valuable insights into survival strategies in extreme environments. Archaea, meaning “ancient things” in Greek, are among the oldest life forms and belong to the third domain of life. These are primitive microorganisms. They are slow-growing and can also be found in the human gut, potentially impacting health. Archaea are known for producing antimicrobial molecules and exhibiting antioxidant activity. They have promising applications, particularly in eco-friendly wastewater treatment. They exist in extreme environments like hydrothermal vents, hot springs, and saline or acidic habitats.
Notes: The study of archaea, a domain of ancient microorganisms, has provided valuable insights into survival strategies in extreme environments. Archaea, meaning “ancient things” in Greek, are among the oldest life forms and belong to the third domain of life. These are primitive microorganisms. They are slow-growing and can also be found in the human gut, potentially impacting health. Archaea are known for producing antimicrobial molecules and exhibiting antioxidant activity. They have promising applications, particularly in eco-friendly wastewater treatment. They exist in extreme environments like hydrothermal vents, hot springs, and saline or acidic habitats.
Q 66.Which company has developed the New Glenn rocket?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Blue Origin]
Notes: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) granted Blue Origin a commercial space launch license for the New Glenn rocket. The New Glenn rocket was developed by Blue Origin, an American space technology company. New Glenn is a heavy-lift, two-stage rocket named after John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth. It stands 320 feet tall and has a 7-meter-wide payload fairing. The first stage is reusable, powered by seven BE-4 engines, producing over 3.8 million pounds of thrust. The second stage uses two BE-3U engines, powered by liquid hydrogen and oxygen, generating over 320,000 pounds of vacuum thrust.
Notes: The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) granted Blue Origin a commercial space launch license for the New Glenn rocket. The New Glenn rocket was developed by Blue Origin, an American space technology company. New Glenn is a heavy-lift, two-stage rocket named after John Glenn, the first American to orbit Earth. It stands 320 feet tall and has a 7-meter-wide payload fairing. The first stage is reusable, powered by seven BE-4 engines, producing over 3.8 million pounds of thrust. The second stage uses two BE-3U engines, powered by liquid hydrogen and oxygen, generating over 320,000 pounds of vacuum thrust.
Q 67.Which organization developed the Pralay missile?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)]
Notes: The Pralay missile, India’s first tactical quasi-ballistic missile, will be showcased in the Republic Day parade. It is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile with a range of 150-500 km, developed to meet the Army’s tactical needs. Pralay can carry a 350-700 kg conventional warhead and strike enemy positions with high accuracy. It was developed by DRDO.
Notes: The Pralay missile, India’s first tactical quasi-ballistic missile, will be showcased in the Republic Day parade. It is a short-range surface-to-surface ballistic missile with a range of 150-500 km, developed to meet the Army’s tactical needs. Pralay can carry a 350-700 kg conventional warhead and strike enemy positions with high accuracy. It was developed by DRDO.
Q 68.Which institute has launched a zero-waste bioplastics initiative?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [IIT Madras]
Notes: IIT-Madras has launched a zero-waste bioplastics initiative supported by the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers. The initiative aims to develop biodegradable, microplastic-free, and cost-effective alternatives to conventional plastics. Third-generation bioplastics use agricultural residues, algae, and waste materials, avoiding food security concerns linked to earlier food-based bioplastics. These bioplastics fully decompose, leaving no harmful particles behind, reducing the environmental footprint. The centre is also exploring bioplastics for food packaging and medical textiles, including biodegradable implants from agricultural waste.
Notes: IIT-Madras has launched a zero-waste bioplastics initiative supported by the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers. The initiative aims to develop biodegradable, microplastic-free, and cost-effective alternatives to conventional plastics. Third-generation bioplastics use agricultural residues, algae, and waste materials, avoiding food security concerns linked to earlier food-based bioplastics. These bioplastics fully decompose, leaving no harmful particles behind, reducing the environmental footprint. The centre is also exploring bioplastics for food packaging and medical textiles, including biodegradable implants from agricultural waste.
Q 69.Typhoon Missile System was developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:D [United States]
Notes: The U.S. military has relocated Typhon missile launchers within the Philippines to improve mobility and survivability amid tensions with China and Russia. Typhon, or the Mid-Range Capability (MRC), is a mobile, surface-to-surface missile system developed by Lockheed Martin, United States. It features a modular design and can fire multiple missile types, including the SM-6 (500 km range) and Tomahawk cruise missiles (2,500 km range). The SM-6 strikes air and surface targets, while the Tomahawk is effective for land-attack and anti-ship missions. A full Typhon system includes four launchers, a command post, and support vehicles on trailers.
Notes: The U.S. military has relocated Typhon missile launchers within the Philippines to improve mobility and survivability amid tensions with China and Russia. Typhon, or the Mid-Range Capability (MRC), is a mobile, surface-to-surface missile system developed by Lockheed Martin, United States. It features a modular design and can fire multiple missile types, including the SM-6 (500 km range) and Tomahawk cruise missiles (2,500 km range). The SM-6 strikes air and surface targets, while the Tomahawk is effective for land-attack and anti-ship missions. A full Typhon system includes four launchers, a command post, and support vehicles on trailers.
Q 70.What is the primary purpose of the NVS-02 satellite developed by ISRO?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [To improve India’s navigation system, NavIC]
Notes: ISRO launched the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket carrying the NVS-02 satellite for the NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) navigation system. NVS-02 is the second of five second-generation satellites to replace older ones in India’s navigation constellation. It weighs 2,250 kg, has a 3 kW power capacity, and includes navigation payloads in L1, L5, S, and C bands. The satellite features a Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard for precise timekeeping and has a 12-year lifespan.
Notes: ISRO launched the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket carrying the NVS-02 satellite for the NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) navigation system. NVS-02 is the second of five second-generation satellites to replace older ones in India’s navigation constellation. It weighs 2,250 kg, has a 3 kW power capacity, and includes navigation payloads in L1, L5, S, and C bands. The satellite features a Rubidium Atomic Frequency Standard for precise timekeeping and has a 12-year lifespan.
Q 71.Which country has launched a trial of a vaccine against the Ebola virus?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Uganda]
Notes: Uganda and WHO launched a historic clinical trial for a vaccine against the Sudan species of Ebola virus. Ebola is a deadly disease caused by orthoebolaviruses (formerly ebolavirus). It was first discovered in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The virus mainly affects humans and primates like gorillas, monkeys, and chimpanzees. It is found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and poses a major health threat.
Notes: Uganda and WHO launched a historic clinical trial for a vaccine against the Sudan species of Ebola virus. Ebola is a deadly disease caused by orthoebolaviruses (formerly ebolavirus). It was first discovered in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The virus mainly affects humans and primates like gorillas, monkeys, and chimpanzees. It is found primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and poses a major health threat.
Q 72.The Blue Ghost Lander is part of which NASA’s program?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Artemis program]
Notes: The Blue Ghost Lander is developed by Firefly Aerospace for lunar exploration. It will deliver scientific payloads to the Moon under NASA’s Artemis Program. The lander supports NASA’s Lunar Surface Operations Program for sustainable human exploration. It marks a significant step in private sector involvement in space missions. The mission aims to advance lunar research and exploration efforts.
Notes: The Blue Ghost Lander is developed by Firefly Aerospace for lunar exploration. It will deliver scientific payloads to the Moon under NASA’s Artemis Program. The lander supports NASA’s Lunar Surface Operations Program for sustainable human exploration. It marks a significant step in private sector involvement in space missions. The mission aims to advance lunar research and exploration efforts.
Q 73.Klub-S missile system is developed by which country?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Russia]
Notes: India has signed an agreement with Russia to acquire the Klub-S missile system for its submarine fleet. It is developed by Russia defence company NPO Novator. The Klub missile, also known as Kalibr, entered service in 1994. The Klub-S missile has a 400 kg warhead and can strike targets up to 300 km away, including surface ships, submarines, and land targets. It includes a fire control system, vertical launcher unit, and ammunition. It is known for its effectiveness in combat, it can reach supersonic speeds in the terminal phase, making interception difficult. The missile cruises at 10-15 meters, minimizing enemy defense response time.
Notes: India has signed an agreement with Russia to acquire the Klub-S missile system for its submarine fleet. It is developed by Russia defence company NPO Novator. The Klub missile, also known as Kalibr, entered service in 1994. The Klub-S missile has a 400 kg warhead and can strike targets up to 300 km away, including surface ships, submarines, and land targets. It includes a fire control system, vertical launcher unit, and ammunition. It is known for its effectiveness in combat, it can reach supersonic speeds in the terminal phase, making interception difficult. The missile cruises at 10-15 meters, minimizing enemy defense response time.
Q 74.Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), that was recently seen in news, is mostly occurred in which species/group?
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Cattle]
Notes: Hyderabad-based biotech company, Biovet has received Central Drug Standards Control Organization (CDSCO) approval for its Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) vaccine, Biolumpivaxin, for dairy cattle and buffaloes. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), part of the poxviridae family. LSD primarily affects cattle and, to a lesser extent, buffalo, with higher morbidity in cattle. The disease leads to reduced milk production, sterility in bulls, and damage to hides. It spreads through blood-feeding insects and contaminated water or fodder. LSD is not zoonotic, so humans cannot get infected by the virus.
Notes: Hyderabad-based biotech company, Biovet has received Central Drug Standards Control Organization (CDSCO) approval for its Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) vaccine, Biolumpivaxin, for dairy cattle and buffaloes. Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), part of the poxviridae family. LSD primarily affects cattle and, to a lesser extent, buffalo, with higher morbidity in cattle. The disease leads to reduced milk production, sterility in bulls, and damage to hides. It spreads through blood-feeding insects and contaminated water or fodder. LSD is not zoonotic, so humans cannot get infected by the virus.
Q 75.What is the primary function of newly discovered type of brain cells named Ovoid?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [To play a role in recognition memory]
Notes: Researchers discovered a new type of brain cell called Ovoid cells. These neurons help in recognition memory by differentiating between new and familiar objects. They are named for their egg-like shape and are found in the hippocampus of humans, mice, and other animals. Ovoid cells activate when encountering something new, triggering memory storage. This discovery could help treat brain conditions like Alzheimer’s, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Epilepsy.
Notes: Researchers discovered a new type of brain cell called Ovoid cells. These neurons help in recognition memory by differentiating between new and familiar objects. They are named for their egg-like shape and are found in the hippocampus of humans, mice, and other animals. Ovoid cells activate when encountering something new, triggering memory storage. This discovery could help treat brain conditions like Alzheimer’s, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Epilepsy.
Q 76.Which country has developed an mRNA-based personalized cancer vaccine recently?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Russia]
Notes: Russia has developed an mRNA-based personalized cancer vaccine, set for free distribution by early 2025. mRNA vaccines provide genetic instructions to help the body produce antigens that trigger an immune response. Unlike traditional vaccines, this is not preventive but treats existing cancer by targeting tumor-specific antigens. It trains the immune system to attack cancer cells by producing proteins similar to tumor antigens.
Notes: Russia has developed an mRNA-based personalized cancer vaccine, set for free distribution by early 2025. mRNA vaccines provide genetic instructions to help the body produce antigens that trigger an immune response. Unlike traditional vaccines, this is not preventive but treats existing cancer by targeting tumor-specific antigens. It trains the immune system to attack cancer cells by producing proteins similar to tumor antigens.
Q 77.Which state government has launched Nayanamritham 2.0, the world’s first AI-assisted chronic eye disease screening program?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Kerala]
Notes: Kerala Government, in collaboration with Remidio, launched Nayanamritham 2.0, the world’s first AI-assisted chronic eye disease screening program. It builds on Nayanamritham 1.0, which focused on diabetic retinopathy screening. Optometrists use AI-enabled fundus cameras to classify cases as referable or non-referable for faster diagnoses. Now includes screening for glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Covers community health centers, taluk hospitals, and district hospitals. Aims to reduce preventable blindness, improve early detection, and enhance patient care. Kerala is the first government public health system globally to adopt AI for eye screening.
Notes: Kerala Government, in collaboration with Remidio, launched Nayanamritham 2.0, the world’s first AI-assisted chronic eye disease screening program. It builds on Nayanamritham 1.0, which focused on diabetic retinopathy screening. Optometrists use AI-enabled fundus cameras to classify cases as referable or non-referable for faster diagnoses. Now includes screening for glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Covers community health centers, taluk hospitals, and district hospitals. Aims to reduce preventable blindness, improve early detection, and enhance patient care. Kerala is the first government public health system globally to adopt AI for eye screening.
Q 78.Which company unveiled the powerful AI system “Evo 2” for genetic research?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Nvidia]
Notes: Nvidia has unveiled a powerful AI system called Evo 2 for genetic research. Evo 2 is the largest publicly available AI model for genomic data. It was built using 2,000 Nvidia H100 processors on Amazon’s cloud with Arc Institute and Stanford University. It is trained on 9 trillion nucleotides from 128,000+ organisms, covering plants, animals, and bacteria.
Notes: Nvidia has unveiled a powerful AI system called Evo 2 for genetic research. Evo 2 is the largest publicly available AI model for genomic data. It was built using 2,000 Nvidia H100 processors on Amazon’s cloud with Arc Institute and Stanford University. It is trained on 9 trillion nucleotides from 128,000+ organisms, covering plants, animals, and bacteria.
Q 79.Who has become the first person with a physical disability to take part in a mission to the International Space Station?
Answer: Correct Answer:C [John McFall]
Notes: John McFall has become the first person with a physical disability to be medically certified for a long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The European Space Agency (ESA) approved his selection, marking a historic milestone in inclusive space exploration. McFall, a former Paralympian, lost his right leg at 19 in a motorcycle accident. He won bronze in the 100m sprint at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics.
Notes: John McFall has become the first person with a physical disability to be medically certified for a long-duration mission to the International Space Station (ISS). The European Space Agency (ESA) approved his selection, marking a historic milestone in inclusive space exploration. McFall, a former Paralympian, lost his right leg at 19 in a motorcycle accident. He won bronze in the 100m sprint at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics.
Q 80.What kind of disease is Spinal Muscular Atrophy that was recently mentioned in news?
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Genetic disorder]
Notes: Clinical neuroscientists have treated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in a baby before birth. SMA is a genetic disorder affecting motor neurons, causing progressive muscle weakness. It has five types (0-4), classified by age of onset and severity. Symptoms include muscle weakness, especially near the body’s center, but do not affect involuntary muscles like the heart. It is caused by SMN1 gene mutations, leading to motor neuron loss. It affects 1 in 10,000 births and is a leading genetic cause of infant deaths.
Notes: Clinical neuroscientists have treated spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in a baby before birth. SMA is a genetic disorder affecting motor neurons, causing progressive muscle weakness. It has five types (0-4), classified by age of onset and severity. Symptoms include muscle weakness, especially near the body’s center, but do not affect involuntary muscles like the heart. It is caused by SMN1 gene mutations, leading to motor neuron loss. It affects 1 in 10,000 births and is a leading genetic cause of infant deaths.
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