Indian Economy MCQs | Key Economic Questions for UPSC, SSC, Banking & Govt Exams

Indian Economy MCQs

Q 1.Which of the following statements is correct about the chairperson of Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)?
A. The chairperson of the committee is appointed by the RBI Governor
B. RBI Governor is the ex officio Chairperson of the committee
C. Finance Minister is the ex-officio chairperson of the committee
D. The Chairperson of the committee is appointed by the Finance Minister
Answer: Correct Answer:B [RBI Governor is the ex officio Chairperson of the committee]
Notes: The Monetary Policy Committee consists of six Members. Three Members are from the RBI and the other three Members appointed by the Central Government. The Members appointed by the Central Government hold the office for a period of four years. The Governor of RBI is the ex-officio Chairperson of the committee.
Q 2.Agricultural Income Tax revenue goes to which of the following governments in India?
A. State Governments
B. Central Government
C. Collected by State Governments , delivered to Central Government
D. Collected by Central Government, delivered to State Governments
Answer: Correct Answer:A [State Governments]
Notes: The taxing powers of the central government encompass taxes on income (except agricultural income), excise on goods produced (other than alcohol), customs duties, and inter-state sale of goods.The state governments are vested with the power to tax agricultural income, land and buildings, sale of goods (other than inter-state), and excise on alcohol. Local authorities such as Panchayat and Municipality also have power to levy some minor taxes.
Q 3.Which of the following is a suitable term for steady rise in the general level of prices, income, output and employment?
A. Boom
B. Recession
C. Depression
D. Recovery
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Recovery]
Notes: The phase that is commonly used to describe a steady rise in the general level of prices, income, output, and employment is economic recovery.
Q 4.When a loan provided by a group of lenders and is structured, arranged, and administered by one or several commercial or investment banks, it is called as __?
A. Loan shark
B. Loan Syndication
C. Loan covenant
D. Package loan
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Loan Syndication]
Notes: Loan syndication is the process which involves a group of lenders to fund various portions of a loan for a single borrower. Loan syndication most often used when a borrower requires a large quantum of funds which generally cannot be lent by a single lender.
Q 5.In which year India launched Targeted Public Distribution System ?
A. 1995
B. 1996
C. 1997
D. 1998
Answer: Correct Answer:C [1997]
Notes: The Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS) replaced the erstwhile PDS from June 1997. Under the new system a two tier subsidized pricing system was introduced to benefit the poor.
Q 6.Which among the following has been adopted by the Tendulakar committee for measuring poverty?
A. Welfare measures
B. Cost of Living
C. Inequality & growth
D. mobility/vulnerability analyses
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Cost of Living]
Notes: The Tendulkar Committee, established in 2005, adopted the “Cost of Living” approach for measuring poverty in India. This method considers the consumption patterns of the poor and adjusts poverty lines based on regional price variations. The committee aimed to provide a more accurate reflection of poverty by incorporating essential goods and services into the poverty measurement framework. This approach led to a revised poverty line that recognized the changing economic conditions and living standards in India.
Q 7.Round Tripping is normally used in context with which of the following _____?
A. Capital Markets
B. Foreign Direct Investments
C. Cash Deposits
D. Foreign Remittances
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Foreign Direct Investments]
Notes: Round Tripping refers to the practice of moving capital out of a country and then bringing it back in, often to take advantage of favorable tax regulations or to inflate financial statements. It is commonly associated with Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), where companies may invest in foreign subsidiaries and then reinvest the profits back into the home country. This practice can create the illusion of increased investment and economic activity. Notably, countries like India have faced scrutiny for round-tripping, as it can distort true investment figures and lead to regulatory challenges.
Q 8.What was the nationality of Mahbub ul Haq, one of the pioneers of Human development theory and co-founder of the Human Development Report?
A. Uk
B. USA
C. Pakistan
D. India
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Pakistan]
Notes: Human Development Report was first launched in 1990 by the Pakistani Economist Mahbub ul Haq and Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen.
Q 9.The calculations of “Cultural command area” are used in which among the following?
A. Preparation of a Land Development Plan
B. Designing an Irrigation Plan
C. Prepare a plan for new crops introduction
D. Design the agricultural policy
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Designing an Irrigation Plan]
Q 10.Seema Darshan project for border tourism belongs to which state?
A. Jammu & Kashmir
B. Rajasthan
C. Gujarat
D. Sikkim
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Gujarat ]
Notes: On 10th April 2022, Union Home Minister Amit Shah launched the Nadabet Seema Darshan Project along the India-Pakistan border in the Banaskantha district of Gujarat. The project, which is being developed on the pattern of Wagah Border, will include an exhibition hall and a parade ground with an amphitheatre for 5,000 people. People can watch the border where the Gujarat’s seacoast meets the landmass. The project seeks to show how the BSF jawans protect the border round-the-clock. The project will encourage local economic activity in the Rann region, alongside visit to adjoining flamingo and wild ass sanctuaries.
Q 11.The “Inclusive Growth and Development Report” is published by which of the following organisations?
A. World Bank
B. International Monetary Fund
C. World Economic Forum
D. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
Answer: Correct Answer:C [World Economic Forum]
Notes: The “Inclusive Growth and Development Report” is published by the World Economic Forum. It covers 109 economies, and tries to improve our understanding of how various economies around the world can use diverse spectrum of policies and institutional mechanisms to make economic growth. The Report presents a new global index, the Inclusive Development Index (IDI), providing a richer and more nuanced assessment of countries’ level (and recent performance) of economic development than the conventional one based on GDP per capita alone. It also provides a policy framework showing the many factors that can drive a more inclusive growth process.
Q 12.Which of the following is / are correct statements about “Adopt a Heritage Scheme”?It is an initiative under Ministry of CultureUnder this scheme, government has appointed private as well as public companies as “Monument Mitras” to boost heritage tourism in the countrySelect the correct option from the codes given below:
A. Only 1
B. Only 2
C. Both 1 & 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Only 2 ]
Notes: First statement is incorrect.The “Adopt a Heritage Scheme” is an initiative under Ministry of Tourism.Second statement is correct.Under this scheme, the government has appointed private as well as public companies as “Monument Mitras” for making heritage tourism more sustainable through conservation and development. The short-listed companies, to be called Monument Mitras, are from various sectors such as hospitality, travel, and banking.
Q 13.Which state in India is the largest producer of salt?
A. Kerala
B. Andhra Pradesh
C. Gujarat
D. Maharashtra
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Gujarat]
Notes: Gujarat is the largest producer of salt in India because of its extensive dry coast. Gujarat accounts for 77% of the salt produced in our country. Salt industries of Gujarat are thriving in Surat, Kutch, Bhavnagar, Rajkot, Anand, etc.
Q 14.Which state in India produces most of the silk?
A. Karnataka
B. Assam
C. Kerala
D. Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Karnataka]
Notes: Karnataka is the largest producer of silk in India, producing about one-third of the country’s silk each year. The state produces an average of 8,200 metric tonnes of silk annually. The five states that produce the most silk in India are: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Jammu & Kashmir. These five states produce almost 97% of India’s mulberry silk.
Q 15.Micro or Small Enterprise (as defined in the MSMED Act 2006) may be said to have become Sick, if?
A. Any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for ten months or more
B. Any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for eight months or more
C. Any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for five months or more
D. Any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for three months or more
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for three months or more]
Notes: Micro or Small Enterprise (as defined in the MSMED Act 2006) may be said to have become Sick, if any of the borrowal account of the enterprise remains NPA for three months or more.
Q 16.Which tax causes a burden on the poorer section of the society?
A. Indirect Tax
B. Direct Tax
C. Both Direct and Indirect Tax
D. None of these
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Indirect Tax]
Notes: Indirect taxes make the distribution of income more unequal because of their regressive effects. The poor will get taxed a higher proportion of their income than the rich, making it a regressive tax.
Q 17.Infrastructure debt funds are sponsored by which of the following?
A. SEBI
B. NBFCs
C. Cooperative society
D. SBI
Answer: Correct Answer:B [NBFCs]
Notes: Infrastructure debt funds are sponsored by commercial banks and NBFCs in India in which domestic/offshore institutional investors, specially insurance and pension funds can invest through units and bonds issued by the IDFs.
Q 18.Which sector do the red collar workers belong to?
A. Primary sector
B. Secondary sector
C. Tertiary sector
D. None of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Primary sector]
Notes: The people involved in thePrimary sector – red collar,Secondary sector – blue-collar andTertiary sector –  white collar.
Q 19.In which year, Maruti Udyog limited was started?
A. 1982
B. 1987
C. 1985
D. 1983
Answer: Correct Answer:D [1983]
Notes: In 1983, the first Maruti car rolled off the assembly line in Gurgaon. Maruti Suzuki India Limited, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited when it started. It was sold to the Japnese firm Suzuki.
Q 20.Which Five-year plan oversaw the beginning of economic liberalization?
A. 5th
B. 6th
C. 7th
D. 8th
Answer: Correct Answer:B [6th]
Notes: The Sixth Five-Year Plan from 1980-85 marked the beginning of economic liberalization. Price controls were eliminated and ration shops were closed. This led to an increase in food prices and an increase in the cost of living. Family planning was also expanded in order to prevent overpopulation.
Q 21.Which silkworm is reared mostly for sericulture in India?
A. Antheraea paphia
B. Bombyx mori
C. Philosamia synthia ricini
D. None of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Bombyx mori]
Notes: India produces four kinds of silk: mulberry, tasar, muga and eri. The silkworm Bombyx mori is fed on mulberry leaves cultivated in plantations. Mulberry is the most cultivated silk and Bombyx mori is most feared.
Q 22.What is the world’s largest tobacco exporter?
A. Germany
B. Brazil
C. India
D. Hungary
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Brazil]
Notes: Brazil is the largest exporter of tobacco(Processed+Unprocessed). India is the second-largest exporter.
Q 23.What is the contribution of the Textile industry to Indian GDP?
A. 5%
B. 7%
C. 10%
D. 2%
Answer: Correct Answer:D [2%]
Notes: Textile industry contributes 2.3 percent to India’s GDP, 7 percent to India’s industrial production, and 16 percent to the country’s exports and employ more than 18 million people directly and more than 20 million people indirectly.
Q 24.Which among the following schemes are implemented under the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana (PMKSY)?1. Mega Food Parks2. Integrated Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure.3. Creation/Expansion of Food Processing/Preservation Capacities.4. Infrastructure for Agro Processing Clusters.Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 2,3 and 4 only
D. All of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:D [All of the above]
Notes: Under PMKSY the following schemes are to be implemented:• Mega Food Parks.• Integrated Cold Chain, Value Addition and Preservation Infrastructure.• Creation/Expansion of Food Processing/Preservation Capacities.• Infrastructure for Agro Processing Clusters.• Scheme for Creation of Backward and Forward Linkages.• Food Safety & Quality Assurance Infrastructure.• Human Resources and Institutions
Q 25.In which state Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology located?
A. Kerala
B. Punjab
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Haryana
Answer: Correct Answer:C [Tamil Nadu]
Notes: Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology (IIFPT) is a premier national Institute working under the administrative control of Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), Government of India functioning from its headquarters in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
Q 26.Which is the largest cement producing company in India?
A. Jaypee cement
B. ACC cement
C. Ambuja cement
D. UltraTech Cement
Answer: Correct Answer:D [UltraTech Cement]
Notes: UltraTech Cement Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of grey cement, RMC, and white cement in India. It is also one of the leading cement producers globally.
Q 27.What is the share of India’s processed diamonds?
A. 30%
B. 50%
C. 70%
D. 95%
Answer: Correct Answer:D [95%]
Notes: India is the leading exporter of processed diamonds in the world. Indian diamond processing centre is the largest most advanced in the world. India accounts for about 95% of the world’s processed diamonds.
Q 28.Which is the top steel exporting country in the world?
A. India
B. China
C. Japan
D. USA
Answer: Correct Answer:B [China]
Notes: China is the top producer and exporter of steel in the world. The top 3 are China,Japan and Russia.
Q 29.Which among the following has the largest medical device market in the world?
A. India
B. USA
C. Canada
D. China
Answer: Correct Answer:B [USA]
Notes: The United States remains is the largest medical device market in the world: $156 billion (40 percent of the global medical device market ).
Q 30.Which country is the largest steel importer in the world?
A. China
B. USA
C. India
D. Japan
Answer: Correct Answer:B [USA]
Notes: USA is the largest steel importer of steel in The world. China is the largest exporter of steel as well as producer.
Q 31.Who manages the government securities in India?
A. RBI
B. SEBI
C. Ministry of Finance
D. None of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:A [RBI]
Notes: RBI managest the securities issued by the government of India. They comprise of the dated securities issued by both state and central government.
Q 32.Which among the following is a feature of Indian Money market?1. Presence of large unorganized market2. Less developed and less popular in comparison to developed countries.3. Seasonal interest rates.Choose the correct option from the choices given below:
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1,2 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1 and 3 only
Answer: Correct Answer:B [1,2 and 3 only]
Notes: The Salient features of Indian Money Market are :1. Presence of large unorganized market2. Less developed and less popular in comparison to developed countries.3. Seasonal interest rates. Too much difference in interest rates in busy season and slack season.3. The busiest season is November to May-June, funds are required to move the crops and this busy season causes lack of liquidity and hike in the interest rates.4. Highly volatile call / notice money market.
Q 33.What is the maximum credit limit under LAF?
A. 10 crores
B. 5 crores
C. 15 crores
D. 20 crores
Answer: Correct Answer:B [5 crores]
Notes: The maximum credit limit under LAF is 5 crores. It is used by the banks to meet the temporary mismatches in the funds.
Q 34.Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru described which of the following multi-purpose project as temple of a resurgent India?
A. Tehri Dam
B. Bhakra multi-purpose project
C. Nagarjuna Sagar Dam
D. Srisailam multi-purpose project
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Bhakra multi-purpose project]
Notes: According to Jawaharlal Nehru, power and steel are the key bases for planning. He described the 680 ft Bhakra multi-purpose project on the Sutlej river in Himachal Pradesh as the new temple of a resurgent India. The Indian Institutes of Technology and the Atomic Energy Commission were the other “modern temples”.
Q 35.In which year, India had to sell gold to secure loans from foreign investment banks?
A. 1981
B. 1991
C. 1976
D. 1988
Answer: Correct Answer:B [1991]
Notes: In 1991 INdia faced its worst financial crisis ever. India for the first time, had to sell 20 tonnes of gold to investment bank UBS on 30 May that year to secure a $240 million loan. It pledged gold three more times to secure $400 million in loans from Bank of England and Bank of Japan. All this gold was repurchased by December that year. The Narasimha Rao-led government with Manmohan Singh as finance minister has opened up the economy and dismantled license Raj.
Q 36.What is coal washing?
A. Transforming coal to coke
B. Removing ash in coal
C. Pumping water into coal mines
D. None
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Removing ash in coal]
Notes: Coal Washing is the process of removing ash in the coal by washing the coal that is mined. It is an integral part of coal production process.
Q 37.What is CNG is made of?
A. Butane
B. Methane
C. Ethane
D. Propane
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Methane]
Notes: CNG stands for Compressed Natural Gas. It is made of methane.
Q 38.Which is the largest shale oil-producing country?
A. Russia
B. USA
C. Argentina
D. China
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Russia]
Notes: The top 5 shale oil-producing countries are Russia, USA, China, Argentina, Libya.
Q 39.If the price of a substandard item falls, what will be its demand?
A. rises
B. falls
C. remains constant
D. can be any of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:B [falls]
Notes: Some items are known as substandard goods. With substandard goods, there is an inverse relationship between the actual income and the demand for the commodity under consideration. If real income rises, the demand for the inferior good will fall. If real income falls, the demand for the inferior product will increase. Example: bus travel, as people become richer, they are more likely to buy themselves a car or use a taxi, rather than relying on a more inferior bus, so demand for bus travel falls as real income rises .
Q 40.Which of the following laws states that with constant tastes and preferences, the proportion of income spent on food items decreases as income increases?
A. Say’s Law
B. Griffin’s Law
C. Gresham’s Law
D. Engel’s Law
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Engel’s Law]
Notes: According to Engel’s law, as the consumer’s disposable income increases, the percentage of income spent on food decreases with all other factors remaining constant. This happens even when the actual expenditure on food increases. The income elasticity of demand for food is less than 1. A low Engel coefficient indicates a high standard of living.
Q 41.What is meant by the law of increasing returns?
A. increasing cost
B. Decreasing cost
C. increasing production
D. increasing income
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Decreasing cost]
Notes: Increasing returns mean lower costs per unit, just as decreasing returns mean higher costs. Similarly, the law of increasing returns suggests that the cost per unit of marginal or additional output falls with the expansion of an industry. As more and more units of the commodity are produced, the cost per unit falls continuously. Furthermore, the returns remain more than proportionate.
Q 42.Any factor of production can earn an economic rent when its supply is __
A. Perfectly elastic
B. Perfectly inelastic
C. Elastic in nature
D. All of the above
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Perfectly inelastic]
Notes: Economic rent is the revenue that can be earned from land or other natural resources for which there is a fixed supply – as economists like to say, the supply is completely inelastic.
Q 43.What is the fundamental determining factor of market equilibrium for a commodity?
A. The prevalent market supply of the commodity
B. The equilibrium achieved between the forces of demand and supply for the commodity
C. The intervention by government authorities
D. The current market demand for the commodity
Answer: Correct Answer:B [The equilibrium achieved between the forces of demand and supply for the commodity]
Notes: Market equilibrium for a commodity is achieved when the amount consumers want to buy (demand) equals the amount producers want to sell (supply); this balancing of forces happens at a certain price point, termed as an equilibrium price. The corresponding quantity at this price is known as the equilibrium quantity. This interaction of supply and demand is the cornerstone of economic theory. Government intervention or individual elements of supply or demand alone do not set the equilibrium; it is their collective interaction.
Q 44.Which of the following is a supply side measure to control inflation?
A. Reducing public expenditure
B. Price control through Public Distribution System
C. Higher taxation to mop up liquidity
D. Credit control
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Credit control]
Notes: Average fixed cost curve represents the relationship between the short run product of a good or service and the average fixed cost incurred by a firm in the quantity produced. It is relatively high in small quantities of output, then declines as production increases. It is downward sloping because as output increases, the firm spreads its fixed costs to produce larger and larger quantities.
Q 45.What are indirect taxes by nature?
A. degressive
B. regressive
C. progressive
D. proportional
Answer: Correct Answer:B [regressive]
Notes: An indirect tax in which the burden can be transferred to others. In this the taxpayer is not the taxpayer. The impact and incidence of indirect taxes varies from person to person. Since most of the indirect taxes are not progressive in nature, individuals may not mind paying them.
Q 46.What are workers called when they move from one job to another?
A. Seasonal Unemployment
B. Frictional Unemployment
C. Classical Unemployment
D. Voluntary Unemployment
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Frictional Unemployment]
Notes: Frictional unemployment occurs during periods when workers are looking for new jobs or transitioning from their old jobs to new ones. This is considered voluntary unemployment because workers prefer to remain unemployed rather than be offered the first job.
Q 47.Which of the following comes under the primary sector of the Indian economy?
A. Sugar Industry
B. Dairy
C. Banking
D. Transport of Goods
Answer: Correct Answer:B [Dairy]
Notes: When a product is obtained from the exploitation of natural resources, it is a primary sector activity. Dairy comes under the primary sector as it depends on the biological process of the animals. Product Milk is a natural product.
Q 48.The demand for a good or service which is the result of the demand for some other commodity is called __
A. Income Demand
B. Direct Demand
C. Composite Demand
D. Derived Demand
Answer: Correct Answer:D [Derived Demand]
Notes: Derived demand is an economic term that describes the demand for a good/service as a result of demand for an intermediate or related good/service. It is the demand for a physical or intangible commodity where a market exists for both related goods and services.
Q 49.Which of the following principles is used to make long-run forecasts about exchange rates in a flexible exchange rate system?
A. Purchasing Power Parity Theory
B. Balance of Payment Theory
C. Interest Rate Approach
D. Portfolio Balance App-roach
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Purchasing Power Parity Theory]
Notes: Purchasing power parity (PPP) theory is used to make long-term predictions about exchange rates in a flexible exchange rate system. According to theory, as long as there are no barriers to trade such as tariffs and quotas, exchange rates should eventually be adjusted so that the cost of the same product is the same, whether measured in rupees in India, or in dollars in the US, and so on. Kind, except that the difference in transport.
Q 50.Which of the following is correct about ‘Net Investment’ in an economy?
A. Net Investment = Gross investment – Depreciation
B. Net Investment = Gross investment – Inflation
C. Net Investment = Gross investment+ Inflation – Depreciation
D. Net Investment = Gross investment + Depreciation
Answer: Correct Answer:A [Net Investment = Gross investment – Depreciation]
Notes: Capital stock in an economy is measured by net investment or new capital formation, which is expressed as :Net Investment = Gross investment – DepreciationHere, Depreciation is an annual allowance for wear and tear of a capital good. In other words it is the cost of the good divided by the number of years of its useful life.

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