Hamburger effect is otherwise known as–
(1) Sodium pump
(2) Anaerobic metabolism
(3) Chloride shift
(4) Respiratory product
Answer: (3) Hamburger shift(also known as the Chloride shift) is a process that occurs in the cardiovascular system and refers to the exchange of bicarbonate (HCO3– ) and chloride (Cl–) across the membrane of red blood cells. Carbon dioxide (CO2) generated in tissues enters the blood and dissolves in water in the red blood cells to form carbonic acid (H2CO3), which then dissociates to form bicarbonate (HCO–3) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Here, the exchange of bicarbonate for chloride in red blood cells flushes the bicarbonate from the blood and increases the rate of gas exchange. This chloride shift may also regulate the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen through the chloride ion acting as an allosteric effector.
